Chapter 1: National Strategic Policies for Higher Education 15
1.1. Strategic priorities on funding 17
1.2. Strategic priorities on academic staff 20
Chapter 2: Structures of Higher Education Governance 25
2.1. External governance 26
2.2. Institutional governance 33
2.3. Independent private higher education 42
2.4. Challenges in institutional governance 44
Chapter 3: Direct Public Funding of Higher Education Institutions 47
3.1. Funding mechanisms 50
3.2. Monitoring institutions for the use of funding 64
3.3. Public funding of independent private higher education 68
3.4. Models of public funding: issues and challenges 69
Chapter 4: Private Funds Raised by Higher Education Institutions 73
4.1. Autonomy of institutions in the use of tuition fees 75
4.2. Other private sources authorised 77
4.3. Partnerships with the business world 79
4.4. Restrictions and conditions when seeking and using other private funds and partnerships 79
4.5. Public incentives to seek private funding 81
4.6. Accountability 85
4.7. Challenges in raising private funds 86
Chapter 5: Academic Staff in Higher Education Institutions 87
5.1. Stakeholders/bodies responsible for the recruitment of academic staff 88
5.2. Main types of recruitment methods 91
5.3. Employers and employment contracts 93
5.4. Salaries and promotions 96
5.5. Duties and working time 98
5.6. Evaluation and accountability 99
5.7. Challenges for the management of academic staff